Intangibles and Hidden Costs

Intangibles and Hidden Costs

Home plans in hand, you may think your next step is to get three bids. That makes sense, because you want to get a feel for how much you’ll be investing in your new home. But why three bids? Are you automatically going to take the low bid? And how did the low bidder arrive at their price? 

The same holds true for your builder. They could take the plans and have three different framing crews, drywallers, and painting companies price out the job. Do you want them taking the lowest bid, or do you want a builder who has long-standing relationships with sub-contractors whose quality is unmistakable? Straight, plumb walls may not be obvious – until it comes time to hang the kitchen cabinets. Some tradespeople’s work will be unseen. Focused on speed and moving on to the next low-margin job, a budget-priced HVAC company may not seal all of the home’s ductwork optimally, resulting in expensive and wasteful conditioned air leakage for the home buyer. Rats! There must be something, maybe an electrical outlet faceplate, under the carpet and pad that was just installed. But it’s not that noticeable when you walk on it…

Your builder’s reputation, professionalism, and experience have value!

Home BuilderWould you trust your open-heart surgery to a “resident” doctor? Considering how much you will be investing, you deserve a quality home, which means hiring an experienced, quality builder. Are they members of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), and committed to the NAHB’s professionalism, ongoing education, and high ethical standards?

One area you can affect price is making timely decisions. Waiting until the last minute to pick out the stone for your front elevation can result in costly expedited shipping or perhaps having to select a more expensive product that’s in-stock. Changing your mind can also be expensive. You fall in love with a brand-new pedestal sink for your powder bath. Now, you have the builder’s change order fee as well as the restocking fee from the plumbing supply house. Changes can mean delays and even costly rework that ultimately increases the cost per square foot of your home.

You get called out of town for two weeks and are unable to attend the scheduled walk thru. Construction progress halts until you return, incurring additional construction loan interest expense, another hit to your new home budget. 

What’s the cost of your new home warranty? One builder has a full-time warranty service technician and they promise timely response. Another builder who’s hard to get a hold of during construction is even harder to reach after move-in. And when you finally do connect, you’re simply given the name of a subcontractor to call. It might be hard to calculate the cost, but there’s tremendous value in a reputable builder’s proven new home warranty.  

Finally, you want your builder to make a fair profit. As just mentioned, the builder’s new home warranty is valuable, but may be worthless if your builder goes out of business. A builder who undercuts his price just to get the job has little incentive to do more than the minimum required to get paid and move on to the next project.

Next time: Building with Structural Insulated Panels

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Location, Location, Location

Location, Location, Location

If you are looking at a home’s cost per square foot and that cost includes the homesite, understand that building lot costs vary widely.

The location of your building lot encompasses several factors. Neighborhood amenities such as walking trails, public spaces, playgrounds, or a fitness center are costs absorbed into each building lot. Location, and proximity to schools, restaurants, shopping, health care, etc., will impact desirability, which will show up in the lot costs. And while the National Association of Home Builders found that on average 14.6% of your new home purchase price is due to regulations imposed during the lot’s development, that can vary greatly by neighborhood, too.

Of course, the size of the homesite generally correlates to its cost, at least within the same subdivision. Specific lots, such as a building lot at the end of a cul-de-sac or one that backs up to a small lake or golf course, may cost more. There can also be higher costs associated with lot specifics. For example, a sloping lot may require a costly retaining wall. Or the unexpected presence of rock when digging a basement foundation.

A loose rule of thumb is that finished lot costs represent 20%-30% of your new home purchase price. On average, $100,000 of a $400,000 new 2,500 square foot 2-story home can be attributed to the lot cost. Or $40 per square foot of the $160 per square foot overall cost of that home. But on the low side, an $80,000 building lot ($380,000 purchase price) nets you $152 per square foot, while a $120,000 homesite ($420,000 purchase price) works out to $168 per square foot.

Finally, though not directly a land cost, neighborhood covenants can impact your home’s cost. Restrictions prohibiting outdoor structures such as sheds encourage more expensive 3-car garages for that needed extra storage. Or maybe the garage door(s) cannot face the street. Side-entry garages are typically pricier due to added windows, masonry, etc., on the garage side that faces the street, plus the higher costs of a longer driveway.

Windows on a side-entry garage as seen on the Cedar Farm plan #42385W (top) vs. a front-entry garage as seen on the Cedar Creek plan #42340W (bottom) can have significant impact on cost.

#42385W Cedar Farm
Cedar Creek - #42340W

From landscaping requirements to exterior finish specifications, the same home design built in two different neighborhoods can have a very different cost per square foot!

Next time: Intangibles and hidden costs.

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What’s Your Cost Per Square Foot?

What’s Your Cost Per Square Foot?

What's Your Cost Per Square Foot?

For most home builders, asking them, “What’s your cost per square foot?” is a little like asking a mechanic what it’s going to cost to fix the engine in your car before he’s had a chance to look it over. Without knowing more, a price is just a shot in the dark. Do you have a bad spark plug wire or does the entire motor need to be rebuilt?

Why buyers ask builders about the cost per square foot?

  • Everybody uses it. Real estate agents…mortgage loan officers… appraisers…the entire existing home market uses this. But is a used car worth as much as a brand new one?
  • It’s easy to calculate. Price / square footage = cost per square foot (a number for comparison).
  • Affordability. Will the home be within your budget?
  • You want a fair deal. There are so many variables! Cost per square foot seems like a fair way to ensure you’re not getting ripped off.
10 Things You Need to Know Before Comparing Homes on a Cost Per Square Foot Basis

1. Methods used to calculate square footage differ.

Since there is no universal approach to calculating a home’s square footage, the exact same home’s size can be hundreds of square feet different. Was the second story area of a two-story high entry foyer included? Another example—when measured to the outside of the brick, a home may be hundreds of square feet larger than if measured just to its exterior wall framing.

2. What square footage was included?

The basement? Attic spaces? With the foundation, walls, and roof already there, finishing such spaces costs less, lowering the home’s overall cost per square foot if based on “finished” square footage. Porches, decks, patios, and garages aren’t “finished” space but do add expense. Cost per square foot comparison is meaningless if the square footage of these areas is counted differently by various builders.

For Example: The Loganville (#56395) plan at right:

  • The "Bonus Room" over the garage (573 sq ft) - it has floor, walls, and a roof; was it included in the home's reported square feet?
  • The staircase leading up to the second level and down to the lower level, was the square footage counted once, twice, or three times?
  • Was the covered front porch included in the home's square footage?
  • Was the basement square footage included? The full basement, or just the part that is finished?
Loganville - #56395 ML
Loganville - #56395 UL
Loganville - #56395 LL

3. What’s included in the price?

Hardwood flooring or carpet? Full sod and a generous landscaping allowance or just putting down grass seed? Such factors affect price but not the size of your home, raising or lowering the cost per square foot.

4. Land costs and the neighborhood.

Did the cost per square foot quoted include the home site? For a 2,000 square foot home, a $60,000 lot works out to $30 per square foot; a $100,000 lot equates to $50 per square foot! Neighborhood covenants, such as requiring a full masonry front elevation, and community amenities like walking trails and clubhouses are costs that raise building lot prices and cost per square foot.

For Example: If subdivision covenants require a full masonry front elevation as with the Toussaint plan (#42115) below left, the home will cost more than if built with vinyl siding such as the Belafonte plan (#42114) below right, making the stucco and stone Toussaint home more expensive based on cost per square foot.

Toussaint - #42115
Belafonte - #42114

5. Included materials/products differs.

Yay! Your price includes granite countertops, but granite runs about $40-$100+ per square foot based on color and thickness. Quiet dishwashers—something you’ll truly appreciate—cost more than their entry-level counterparts by the same manufacturer. So even using builders’ specification sheets doesn’t provide a true comparison of cost per square foot.

6. Quality workmanship isn’t cheap.

Prices vary among framers, electricians, plumbers, and painters. Do you really want your builder to hire the cheapest? Also, labor rates vary significantly by region. Your brother may have gotten a new home built in Texas for $120 a square foot, but in the northeast, the identical home will cost more.

7. Your choices matter.

Your kitchen selections alone can add to the cost per square foot due to expensive cabinetry, countertops, faucets, flooring, and appliances. Most builders’ pricing includes “allowances” for common selections such as lighting fixtures—but allowances vary by builder. Similarly, fireplaces, crown molding, window treatments, or high-performance insulation increase your cost per square foot.

Beautiful – but your kitchen selections alone could increase your home’s overall cost by $10-$20 per square foot or more.

Strasser - #42420_kitchen

Custom kitchen in the Strasser Pointe (plan #42420FB). Photo by Renee D. Calvin Photography

8. Cost is driven by design.

Pre-drawn home plans might cost $1,000 (about $.50 per square foot for a 2,000 square foot home), whereas custom-drawn plans typically range from $2-$10 or more per square foot. Carpet typically comes in 12’-wide rolls, so a 12’-8” bedroom adds cutting and seaming labor and increases material waste. Dramatic rooflines and entries, artful ceiling details, and numerous foundation jogs increase cost without increasing square footage.

For Example: They share an identical floor plan, but the design on the left (Kinney Farm - #42462) costs less to build than the design on the right (Kinney Haven - #42461), making the Kinney Farm’s cost per square foot lower.

#42462 Kinney Farm
Kinney Haven - #42461

9. The type of home you build impacts cost.

Compared to two-story homes of the same square footage, one-story homes cost more per square foot because they’re wider and/or deeper; one-story homes have more roof, foundation, and may require a bigger homesite.

For Example: Two 2,000 square foot homes below. Due to the size and complexity of the foundation and rooflines, the ranch home on the left (Westcott Manor - #9171) will be more expensive in terms of cost per square foot than the two-story home on the right (Wendling Park - #42473). 

Westcott Manor - #9171
Wendling Park - #42473

10. The total size of the home.

Costs for permits, fees, inspections, and utility hook-ups are unaffected by a home’s size. A smaller home still has a kitchen sink and appliances, just like a larger house. Assuming comparable finishes, smaller homes can have higher costs per square foot.

Larger homes can have a lower cost per square foot because they have more square feet to spread those costs over. 

Moving Forward

Check out your builder.

Couple with BlueprintWe hear horror stories of builders who will quote a price based purely on square feet and then pound the buyer with extras after the job is started. Reputable builders will have a long list of references from happy homeowners. Contact those references! There’s more to consider than lowest price. What’s the cost per square foot of your new home warranty?

Every home builder can give you a detailed and accurate cost per square foot.

“Production” builders build the same plans repeatedly and offer limited personalization, so they can usually quote you a price per square foot. Their fixed standards, limited variables, and economies of scale often enable them to offer the lowest cost per square foot. Semi-custom builders offer a wider variety of home designs, building sites, and finishes. Such builders will typically modify their home plans to suit your needs, too. Their initial price range, such as, “$150 to $200 per square foot depending on what you want,” comes clearer into focus as your design, homesite, and product decisions are made. A custom home builder may never build the same home twice. She doesn’t have historical data for that specific home to look back on as a starting point. Knowing that custom home buyers often have specific products and amenities in mind, providing a cost per square foot before the plans and details are firmed up can lead to disastrous results. 

Do you really want the cheapest?

Even with multiple builders’ cost per square foot info, are you going to automatically take the lowest price per square foot? How do you suppose the builder with the lowest price was able to do it? For that matter, what does having the cheapest cost per square foot say about that builder?

Exercise great caution if using cost per square foot in comparing builders and their homes. There’s always a reason for the cheapest price! 

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What’s Included in the Price?

What’s Included in the Price?

Cost per square foot. Simple to calculate. Seemingly easy to understand. Until you realize what was included in the “cost” differs by builder!

On floor plans, dashed (as opposed to solid) lines often indicate options. In keeping with its focus on affordability, the Rivera Farm (plan #29391) presents several optional design amenities – dashes indicate the option of having transom windows in the entry/along the staircase as well as the option of a fireplace in the family room. And behind the dining area, an optional patio. Photos or renderings may show these amenities, but being options, likely they were not included in the cost that was used to come up with cost per square foot.

Rivera Farm - #29391
Rivera Farm - #29391

Similarly, floor plans may show alternate layouts for the same space. The base Jolene (plan #42334) shows three bedrooms, but also shows re-purposing Bedroom 3 as an office. The addition of stunning French Doors into the office could add thousands of dollars to the price of your home, increasing its cost per square foot.  

Jolene - #42334
Interior French Doors

Sometimes home builders will make purely aesthetic amenities shown on floor plans extra-cost options. Continuing with the Jolene plan there is a boxed ceiling in the owner’s bedroom – that might add $1,000. Ditto with the ceiling detail in the front entry. It adds drama and calls attention to this wider-than-expected space, but it adds cost, which increases cost per square foot.

Unless mandated by codes, builders can elect to build with either 2x4-inch or 2x6-inch exterior walls. Total square footage of the home will be identical, homes built with the 2x4-inch walls will have slightly larger interior rooms. Due to their added insulation, the homes with 2x6-inch walls, will usually be more expensive and therefore have a higher cost per square foot, but will also keep utility costs down and your home more comfortable.

Laminate or stone – what countertop material was included in the cost? Are appliances included? If so, which ones? There’s room for a sink in the laundry room. Was that included? Even if you take the same set of house plans to different home builders, the prices won’t necessarily be comparable. You specify Bruce® Hickory wood floors. Builder A figures the price based on solid wood and Builder B’s pricing was based on engineered wood.

From flooring to lighting to plumbing fixtures and trim work, as you tour most model homes, there are various upgrades shown that are above and beyond the base price used to calculate cost per square foot. It’s the same way in the auto industry. As advertised, the 2020 Lexus ES 350 starts at $39,900. That’s $10.93 per pound. But the ES 350 often tips the scales around $50,000 including options makes it $13.70 per pound.

You wouldn’t compare new cars on the basis of cost per pound. Why use cost per square foot to compare new homes, especially when it’s almost impossible to get an “apples for apples” comparison?

Next time: How building lots impact your cost per square foot.

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Which Square Feet?

Which Square Feet?

Outdoor living space. Two-story high spaces. Bonus rooms. Unfinished storage. Attics. Basements. Garages. Any attempt to come up with a “cost per square foot” for a new home begins with determining the home’s square footage. Sounds easy, right? Yes…and no. Yes, measurements exist. But which square feet are included may differ and have significant implications on the how the home “lives” for you.

We’ll use Design Basics’ Peony Grove (plan #42285) to illustrate the issues. The main floor comes in at 1,664 square feet. And the second floor is measured at 839 square feet. For a total of 2,503 total square feet. But there’s over 300 square feet of space on the second floor that is the two-story high ceiling in the Great Room. Should that be included? It’s heated space with walls and a roof atop, but it’s not “finished” – so it wasn’t counted. And how about the 342 square foot storage area over the garage? It wasn’t counted either, because it wasn’t “finished.” Does the cost per square foot you’ve seen advertised only consist of “finished” square feet? It would be relatively inexpensive to finish that storage area over the garage, which would bring down the home’s overall cost per square foot.

Peony Grove - #42285 UL
Peony Grove - #42285 ML

Garages typically aren’t included when calculating square footage, so the bigger and more expensive your garage, the higher the home’s cost per square foot. And garages have value – just look at how they impact your property taxes!

And that garage? It measures 851 square feet, but that’s not included either in the home’s reported 2,503 square feet. If the garage isn’t included in calculating the home’s square footage, size doesn’t matter, right? Except it does! The size of the garage has a very significant impact on the home’s cost, and therefore its cost per square foot as well as the home’s appeal to you!

Then there’s 158 square feet of covered front porch as well as 168 square feet of covered rear deck. Those wonderful outdoor living spaces make a huge difference in how you’ll enjoy the home, but they weren’t included in the 2.503 square foot number. And they’re not inexpensive – raising this home’s cost per square foot compared to a home without these outdoor living areas.

Building on a basement? What about that that lower level square footage? Typically, the portion of the lower level that is finished off as living space does get included in a home’s reported square footage. Like with finishing space in an attic or over the garage, finishing space in a basement is typically quite a bit less expensive than main floor square footage, so finishing off a lot of the lower level can bring the reported cost per square foot down.

Before comparing new homes on a cost per square foot basis, you must know which square feet have been included in order to get any sort of meaningful information. Still, that’s only one half of the equation.

Next time we address - What was included in the price?

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